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| 1859 |
| | | French and Piedmontese forces defeat the Austrians decisively at Solferino, in a battle involving appalling casualties | |
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| 1866 |
| | | The Prussians achieve the first blitzkrieg in their Seven Weeks' War defeat of the Austrians | |
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| 1866 |
| | | The terms of the treaty of Prague, ending the Seven Weeks War, make plain the transfer of German leadership from Austria to Prussia | |
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| 1866 |
| | | Austrian rule ends in the Venetian territories, which now join the new kingdom of Italy | |
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| 1867 |
| | | Francis Joseph, emperor of Austria, is also crowned king of Hungary – to become ruler of the 'dual monarchy' of Austria-Hungary | |
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| 1867 |
| | | A revival of the Prussian Zollverein, or customs union, includes all the German states except Austria | |
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| 1878 |
| | | A congress in Berlin agrees that Austria may administer the Turkish province of Bosnia-Herzegovina | |
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| 1908 |
| | | Austria annexes Bosnia-Herzegovina, in response to the policy of the Young Turks in Istanbul | |
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| 1914 June 28 |
| | | Archduke Franz Ferdinand, heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne, is assassinated in Sarajevo by a Serbian nationalist, Gavrilo Princip | |
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| 1914 |
| | | Austria-Hungary plans to attack Serbia, in response to the assassination of the archduke, and seeks a guarantee of German support | |
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